In vitro fertilization (IVF) is the commonest method of medically assisted reproduction in human species. In fact, It started practicing successfully for the first time, in 1978.
The fertilization of an egg by sperm proceeding outside the female body, in the lab. As a result of various reasons, this procedure cannot take place inside the body. Of course, the eggs, sperm and the embryos that are created, belong to the couple that tries to have offsprings.
The cycle of therapy with in vitro fertilization includes the following basic stages:
- Diagnosis and investigation of infertility
- Preliminary examinations
- Ovarian stimulation with medication, in order to develop many follicles
- Observation of the stimulation, through a series of ultrasonography and hormonal examinations
- Causing of ovulation
- Collecting of ovules
- Fertilization and culture outside the body
- Embryo-transfer
- Checking for gestation, by collecting blood samples to measure the hormone βHCG
- Examing for clinical gestation, through transvaginal sonography
- Checking for the developing gestation
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There are different techniques to achieve in vitro fertilization:
- Classic in vitro fertilization (IVF)
- Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
- Assisted hatching
- Blastocyst culture
- Cryopreservation of embryos and testicular tissue
- Preimplantation genetic diagnosis
- Testicular biopsy (TESE)
It is a fact that the percentage of a successful gestation through in vitro fertilization depends on many factors. Such as the quality and number of embryos, the age of the future mother, the sperm of the future father. Most importantly, the causes of the couple’s infertility.
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Furthermore, there are a series of important factors that depend on the kind of therapy. In short, the technological knowledge of medical and scientific stuff and, generally speaking, on anybody who is involved.
Above all, the woman’s age is a definitive factor to achieve pregnancy. Certainly, in greater ages there is statistically lower frequency in successful gestations and birth rates of healthy babies.
To sum up, after the 43rd year of age, the successful percentage is only about 5%.