Contraception, also known as birth control, refferring to methods or devices using widely, to prevent pregnancy. Sex programming and contraception administration also called family planning.
Safe sex, as the use of condom for men and the female condom, can also prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. The best methods of contraception, except from the condom, is the intrauterine device (IUD).
Methods of contraception:
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Natural methods
Interrupted intercourse: It is about interrupting intercourse before ejaculation, that is performed outside the vagina. This message requires experience and sufficient self-control from the man. However, full detachment from the female genital organs.
Periodic abstinence: The woman tries to find her fertile days, either through the calendar or by observing the cervical mucus. Another way is by measuring her temperature daily. So, they prevent the intercourse from 7 days prior up to 3 days after ovulation.
Lactation amenorrhea: Breastfeeding suppresses ovarian function and ovulation is not happening. This suppression can last for several months (4-8), as long as the baby is not fed with any supplements.
Notice, that these methods above present many problems during their application and high failure percentages.
Barrier methods
Certainly, these methods offer a natural barrier to the union of sperm with the egg.
Condom: It is the commonest barrier method that using by men and women. Condom offers great protection from sexually transmitted diseases. So, we use condom in every non steady relationship, independently from other contraceptive methods.
The rest of barrier methods are: The female condom, the vaginal sponge, the vaginal diaphragm and the cervical cap. The last one, does not fit and is not very acceptable in our country. Probably, because of irritations that can cause while using.
Intrauterine devices (IUDs)
These are devices made from soft plastic or metal, that are placed inside the uterus. They offer efficient and long-term contraception, with very low failure percentage and action, between 3-5 years.
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Hormonal contraception
This is about contraception that can be offered by taking hormones in different forms. These are pills, injections, implants and vaginal rings.
Emergency contraception
It is about contraception using after an intercourse that happened without any precaution. It is usually advisable to take a hormonal preparation (next day pill). Woman must take it as soon as possible, after the intercourse, in 72 hours maximum. Except for a preparation, that can be taken up to 120 hours after intercourse.
Another form of emergency contraception is to insert a copper IUD, in 3-6 days maximum after the intercourse.
Sterilization
It is about the surgical clamping of the fallopian tubes, in women that completed their family planning. The procedure can perform in different surgical techniques.
Spermicides
These are substances that immobilize sperm in the vagina. Mainly available in the form of foam, gel or as vaginal suppositories. They are not sufficient, unless combined with other barrier methods